Which type of layer develops with a temperature inversion when the sun rises?

The correct answer pertains to the atmospheric condition known as temperature inversion, which commonly occurs during the early morning when the sun rises. During such an inversion, instead of the typical decrease in temperature with altitude (normal lapse rate), the temperature increases with height for a certain layer. This situation creates a stable air condition where colder air is trapped near the ground by a warmer air layer above it.

The superadiabatic layer, which is typically characterized by a temperature inversion, can lead to increased instability at the surface as the ground heats up rapidly while the air above remains cooler. This difference creates a scenario where air does not rise as it normally would under typical conditions, leading to specific challenges in managing aerosol applications like pesticides due to the potential for drift and less effective chemical dispersion.

In contrast, the normal lapse layer reflects the expected decrease in temperature with altitude, while the isothermal layer indicates no temperature change with height, both of which do not specifically address the conditions created during a temperature inversion. The adiabatic layer relates to a different cooling or warming process involving rising air parcels. Therefore, the superadiabatic layer is the appropriate choice in light of these distinctions.