What develops as the sun rises and heats the ground surface?

As the sun rises and heats the ground surface, the correct phenomenon observed is the development of a superadiabatic layer with an inversion aloft. This occurs when the ground absorbs solar energy and warms the air directly above it. The layer of air closest to the ground can become significantly warmer than the air above it, leading to a situation where the temperature decreases more rapidly with height than the typical adiabatic lapse rate. This condition creates a superadiabatic lapse rate, which is characterized by an increasing temperature gradient with altitude, effectively trapping cooler air and potentially leading to instability in the atmosphere.

The presence of an inversion layer above means that the warmer, less dense air is positioned on top of cooler, denser air. This can lead to certain weather phenomena, including the potential for turbulence, as the rising warm air tries to escape the cooler, stable layer above.

Option A accurately reflects the atmospheric shifts that warm, rising air creates as solar radiation heats the surface early in the day, making it the right choice. Other choices may describe different atmospheric conditions or processes but do not capture the specific phenomenon of warming at the surface and the resulting superadiabatic layering.